Bible Translation & Greek

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Since realizing that the Greek Old Testament possesses a divine and factually superior authority over the Proto-Masoretic text manually revised in Zippori in the 2c. AD, and having biblically substantiated this in my study 'Greek Old Testament 〣 Biblical Proof for Superiority over Masoretic Texts', I have habored a strong desire to produce a Bible translation of the Greek Old and New Testaments.

Going hand in hand with the translation, I am currently preparing the Greek Old and New Testaments as a consolidated work, and have developed unique paradigms of Greek grammar - for all those who wish to understand the language (also) spoken by CHRISTOS and the Apostles in their time (on earth).

The Consolidated Bible

This project had been initiated in Mar 2023 and completed in early 2026:

• Restoration of Greek texts - typeset according to the earliest manuscripts and customs in capital letters (called UNCIAL SCRIPT), which are not only significantly more readable, but much more importantly the letter format used in all the manuscripts well until the 9th c. AD. All 18 retroactively added and commonly used diacritics (221 combinations that affect ~18% of the biblical text) are neglected according to the original texts - with the only but logical addition of chapter & verse numbering, colons, question marks and spacing between the words and paragraphs.

• Old Testament Quotations - all quotations are hyperlinked between the Greek Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. For an exhaustive list of the ~216 quotations compared in the Greek language, please see the separate study 'Greek 〣 Old & New Testament Quotations'.

• Deuterocanonicals - all books commonly labelled as Apocrypha, will not be included and we should abstain from considering those part of the Bible. See also the separate study 'Apocrypha 〣 Timeline of Inclusion & Exclusion' which clearly proves that those books had been completed much later than the last book of the Greek Old Testament had been written, and that the designation 'Septuagintal Plus' is thus highly misleading. The first 5 books had been initiated during the translation of the Greek Pentateuch (LXX, ~250 BC), but the first 10 apocryphal books had only been completed by the time of CHRISTOS and therefore 140 years after the completion of the Greek Old Testament (~140 BC), while the full number of 14 apocryphal books had only been completed by 100 AD, approx. 240 years after the Greek OT.

• 3 remarkable exceptions are the in-text passages of Daniel 3:24-90, Esther A-F, and the epilogue to Psalms, which were erroneously considered apocryphal. - Daniel's prayer of Azariah (Dan 3:24-45) and the following praise of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Dan 3:51-90) are part of the book itself (contrary to 'Bel and the Dragon' and 'Susanna' which are separate, uninspired works). Anyone who was read those passages, will instantly understand that this praise and especially the initial prayer must have burned like a refiner's fire on Rabbi Akiva and Ben Halafta, because of the astounding parallelism to their situation after the 70AD Fall of Jerusalem. Their Proto-Masoretic text manually redacted in Zippori had no authority to exclude those passages, certainly motivated by their personal dilemma. The sections A-F of the Book of Esther are also Scripture. See also the study 'Greek Old Testament 〣 Biblical Proof for Superiority over Masoretic Texts' (Page 10) for a detailed analysis of the motives and substantial manipulations of this book, in which at least 44 direct references to KYRIOS / THEOS were omitted. Had Jerome, secretary to the Pope of Rome, in ~405 AD not single-handedly (re-) moved those 107 verses from the Book of Esther into a separate section, and had his employer not declared them 'Apocrypha' (in 1546 AD at their 'Council of Trent'), most of us would not even know the shorter version most commonly used today. The Psalm which is "outside the number" (David's 7 autographical verses at the end of the book which were originally written in Hebrew but long considered of Greek origin) is also part of the Bible and found in all major codices.

Bible Translation

• Here you find the current status of the translation of the Evangelium of Matthew. This will be followed by the translation of the Greek Old Testament.

• Simultaneous Word-for-Word translation into 3 languages (English, German and Spanish), allowing for a better harmonization and extended understanding of Scripture. This includes a rendering of the Greek letters (transliteration), and the respective Strong's codes for those who want to look up a certain word.

Greek Grammar

Grammar of Koine Greek can appear overwhelming, especially considering the fact that verb conjugations are still a rarity and found online either in nested or extremely reduced formats. The following master charts of Greek conjugations shall intend to fill this gap.

Source: Study on 'Biblical Numbers'. The Greek letters 'wau' and 'san' (in gray color) are archaic letters formerly used.

See also 'Comparative Greek Fonts and Keyboard Mapping', by Kris J. Udd

See also the Madaba Map (6c. AD), which uses the 'Ϲ' and 'Ⲱ' letters.

Old Testament Quotations

Isa 40:13-14: ΤΙϹ ΕΓΝⲰ ΝΟΥΝ ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΚΑΙ ΤΙϹ ΑΥΤΟΥ ϹΥΜΒΟΥΛΟϹ ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΟϹ ϹΥΜΒΙΒΑ ΑΥΤΟΝ? 14Η ΠΡΟϹ ΤΙΝΑ ϹΥΝΕΒΟΥΛΕΥϹΑΤΟ ΚΑΙ ϹΥΝΕΒΙΒΑϹΕΝ ΑΥΤΟΝ? Η ΤΙϹ ΕΔΕΙΞΕΝ ΑΥΤⲰ ΚΡΙϹΙΝ? Η ΟΔΟΝ ϹΥΝΕϹΕⲰϹ ΤΙϹ ΕΔΕΙΞΕΝ ΑΥΤⲰ? Η ΤΙϹ ΠΡΟΕΔⲰΚΕΝ ΑΥΤⲰ, ΚΑΙ ΑΝΤΑΠΟΔΟΘΗϹΕΤΑΙ ΑΥΤⲰ?

Translation: "Who has known the mind of KYRIOS, and who has been His counselor? [...] 14 [...] Or who gave first to Him, and it will be repaid to him?"

Rom 11:34-35 ΤΙϹ ΓΑΡ ΕΓΝⲰ ΝΟΥΝ ΚΥΡΙΟΥ? Η ΤΙϹ ϹΥΜΒΟΥΛΟϹ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ? 35Η ΤΙϹ ΠΡΟΕΔⲰΚΕΝ ΑΥΤⲰ, ΚΑΙ ΑΝΤΑΠΟΔΟΘΗϹΕΤΑΙ ΑΥΤⲰ?

Translation: "For who has known the mind of KYRIOS, or who has been His counselor?" 35 "Or who gave first to Him, and it will be repaid to him?"

Romans 11:35 is in most Bibles erroneously associated to Job 41:3, but it clearly refers to the longer text of Isa 40:14 which is found in: Codex Sinaiticus (S*), Codex Alexandrinus and three other Alexandrian manuscripts (26-86-106), a handful of Lucianic manuscripts (90-36-46-233), all Catena manuscripts (C´' -566), several manuscripts that the scholar Joseph Ziegler classifies as mixed (198 239-306 407 449-770 534 538), the Coptic translations, and one Syriac version. The scribe(s) of the Codex Vaticanus removed this passage from Isa 40:14 !

See also: 'Job or Isaiah? What Does Paul Quote in Rom 11:35? Katja Kujanpää, University of Helsinki'

Interpreting Scripture

1. Always go back to the original Greek text, even if you do not speak Greek (although Greek should ideally be the very first preference for any Christian, before learning any other foreign language). With today's richness in theological tools, we do not have any excuses to not trace the meaning of sentences and words to their root.

• Excellent tools are Greek Interlinear Bibles such as the unsurpassed Marvel.Bible (OT, NT updated to NA28) and Scripture4All (NT only, not updated to NA28).
• Kata Biblon and Strong's concordance are tools for specific words, the latter being included in the free e-Sword, available online and as mobile application.
• Do rather not support tools that require upfront payment. But on the other hand do not neglect to freely give to the creators of those tools as indirectly commanded by Scripture.

2. Do not neglect grammatical tenses (Past-, Present- or Future) and sometimes even question translations. A good example is Mar 8:34, which is commonly translated with the command to 'follow me'.

Mar 8:34 (EBR): "And calling near the multitude with His disciples, he said unto them - If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and be following me."

The correct translation ('be following' or 'keep on following') reveals to us that 'to follow' is not a one-time event, but a continuous action (Imperative, Present, Imperfective = Progressive)!

Mat 6:33: "But be seeking first the Kingdom of THEOS and His justification, and all those will be added to you."

3. Understand the passage by reading the context; ponder on the meaning (= biblical meditation).

4. Differentiate between descriptive / informative passages (e.g. Gen 22:1-14, Rut 3:6-13, Acts 2:44–47 and Act 28:3–5) and prescriptive passages / specific guidance for us (e.g. Exo 20:2-17, Mat 5:2—7:27 and Mat 28:18–20).

5. Avoid creating false absolutes / reading man-made conclusions into the text.

• We should e.g. not claim that no rainbows existed, just because it appeared at one moment in time as a sign to Noah. Neither should we claim that it did not rain for 2200 years until the Flood of Noah, just because the Bible stated that it had not rained in the first week (Gen 2:5). We also have both springs that water the earth, and rain(bows) today.
• We should never claim that the laws were first given to Moses, while ignoring countless references to laws and / or transgressions of those, which predate Sinai by up to 2200 years (Gen 3:6, 17, Gen 4:8-9, 13, Gen 9:25, Gen 20:2, Gen 35:1-4), Gen 34:27, Gen 9:6, Exo 10:16, Gen 12:17, Gen 20:9, 18, Gen 26:10, Gen 39:9). Even Moses himself judged already before Sinai 'the ordinances of THEOS and His law' and his father-in-law encouraged him to delegate this specific task (Exo 18:15-16).
• We should not make the giving of the HOLY SPIRIT at Pentecost (Act 2:1-41) even more special by claiming that this was the first contact of the world with the HOLY SPIRIT. He was previously given at the day of CHRISTOS' resurrection to His disciples (Joh 20:22-23), came in the OT upon people to perform divinely appointed tasks (Exo 31:3, Exo 35:30-31, Deut 34:9, Jdg 3:10, Jdg 6:34, 1Sam 11:6, 1 Sam 16:13-14, Luk 1:17), Samson killed lions under the direct influence of the SPIRIT (Jdg 14:6-19), David proclaimed in the SPIRIT (Act 1:16), the 70 elders received the SPIRIT (Num 11:25), Joseph was a man 'in whom is the Spirit of THEOS (Gen 41:38) and the SPIRIT was already present before the creation week even started (Gen 1:2).

Even if certain topics in the Bible are not absolutes, they are still very special.

6. Avoid selective reading. 

• A prime example for this is 1Cor 11:1-34, a chapter of which the first half (Head Coverings) is rarely touched in today's church, while the second half (Communion) of it is frequently read. 
• Just because there are 3 examples of naked prophets (1Sam 19:24, Isa 20:1-2, Mic 1:8), this does not nullify the natural order to not even show our nakedness to anyone except our spouse.
• Just because the Bible recounts 2 examples of men with long hair (Nazirite vow in Num 6:1-5, Samson in Jdg 13:5, Jdg 16:17-19; Absalom in 2Sam 14:25-26), this does not nullify the natural order that men should not have very long hair (1Cor 11:14; 2Sam 18:9) and women long or very long hair.
• Just because IESOUS ministered 3 times to the Nations (see the Canaanite & Syrophonecian woman in Mat 15:22 & Mar 7:26; the Samarian leper in Luk 17:17-18); the Roman centurion in Matt 8:5-13; possibly not the feeding of the 4000 where the people group is unclear), this does not mean that He would have departed from His announced rule that His ministry (until His resurrection) was only to Israel (see Mat 15:24).
• Just because 2 out of 7 Sabbath of Sabbaths (Annual Feasts) began at sunset (Passover in Deut 16:6 and Num 9:5, and the Day of Atonement in Lev 23:32), we cannot extrapolate those 2 (or maybe 7) exceptions to a general rule for all weekdays including the Weekly Sabbath. An ordinary day starts always with sunrise (Luk 24:29 alone proves this; see also 1Sam 19:11, Exo 29:39, Lev 22:29-30, Num 11:32, Mat 28:1, Mar 27:45, Joh 19:20 et al.).
• Just because the Bible sometimes gives us the Hebrew meaning of a word (Joh 5:2, 19:13, 19:17, 19:20, 20:16, Act 21:40, 22:2, 26:14, Rev 9:11, 16:16), this does not nullify the Greek language as lingua franca of the Mediterranean. Just because IESOUS (Mar 5:41-42, 7:34), Paul (Act 21:37-40, 22:1-2, 26:14) and Mary (Joh 20:15-17) specifically pointed out when they spoke Hebrew (/Aramaic) words, this does not change the fact that they rather spoke Greek (see the study 'Greek Old Testament' for more details). It is most importantly the language in which the Christian Bible was delivered to us (Greek OT & NT) and the language for nearly all early translations into other languages.

When we seek to understand and apply Scripture, we should always "accurately handle the Word of truth" (2Tim 2:15). But sometimes we have so 'domesticated' the faith, we have 'tamed' the Scriptures to where it only says what we want it to say and we only focus on those things that we want to focus on.

People who love THEOS do not sort through His Word. 

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